References

References are cited in the text by the author(s) name(s) and the year of publication in brackets (Harvard method), separated by a comma: e.g. (Brown, 1997). If several articles by the same author and from the same year are cited, the letters a, b, c, etc. should be added after the year of publication e.g. (Brown, 1977a). Page references in the text should follow a colon after the date, e.g. (Brown, 1997:40-48). In works by three or more authors the surnames of all authors should be given in the first reference to such a work. In subsequent references to this work only the name of the first author is given, followed by the abbreviation et al.: e.g. (Zivet al., 1995). If reference is made to an anonymous item in a newspaper, the name of the newspaper is given in brackets, e.g. (Daily News, 1999). For personal communications (oral or written) identify the person and indicate in brackets that it is a personal communication, e.g. (M Smith, pers. comm.).

List of references Only sources cited in the text are listed, in alphabetical order, under References. References should be presented as indicated in the following examples. Special attention should be paid to the required punctuation and the use of italics.

Journal articles: Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s), year of publication, title, unabbreviated title of journal, volume (not issue number), and pagination, e.g. Johnson DW & Johnson RT 1999. Gifted students illustrate co-operative learning. Educational Leadership, 50:60-61.

Books: Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) or editor(s), year of publication, title, volume, edition, place of publication, and publisher, e.g. Van Zyl R (ed.) 1994. Recent advances in classroom research. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Chapters in books: Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s), year of publication, title of chapter, editor(s), title of book, place of publication, and publisher, e.g. Dukzec S 1988. Gender issues. In: Hicks D & Brown J (eds). Education for peace. London: Routledge.

Unpublished theses / dissertations: Squelch J 1991. Teacher training for multicultural education in a multicultural society. MEd dissertation. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

Anonymous newspaper references: Citizen 1996. Education for all, 22 March.

Electronic references: No author: Violence and discipline problems in US schools 2001. Available at http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs98/violence/98030001.html. Accessed 2 March 2005.

Published under author’s name: Wilson J 2000. The blame culture. British Educational Research Journal, 26. Available at EBSCO Host: Academic Search Premier. Accessed 20 April 2005.

Personal communications: Not retrievable and not listed.