Prof Adolph Muleja, an Associate Professor and thematic area leader of Membrane Science and Technology (MST) at the Unisa College of Science, Engineering and Technology’s (CSET’s) Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), has carved an interesting niche area of research in chemical reaction engineering within the field of water research.

"In our research work, we focus on developing fit-for-purpose water treatment solutions using nanoscale science and chemical engineering for direct societal benefit," says Muleja. "The approach we use combines process engineering, catalysis, nanotechnology and membrane technology to address complex challenges faced by the water industry."

Muleja’s journey at Unisa has been marked by remarkable achievements, including his 2021 appointment to lead the upscaling of Research and Development, Innovation and Technology Transfer at iNanoWS. His dedication to excellence was further recognised with an NRF Y-Rating in 2019, which culminated in a prestigious NRF C3-rating in 2025. On his latest rating, reviewers at the NRF lauded his clear research vision, flexibility in exploring new fields and his established status as a leading researcher.

Tackling "forever chemicals"

One of Muleja's most significant contributions was showcased at the Unisa Innovation Festival 2025. He unveiled a multirole, smart and advanced technology water treatment system capable of separating and destroying contaminants of emerging concern, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

PFAS, also known as "forever chemicals" due to their high persistence, are highly toxic to the environment. Muleja’s system employs a sophisticated combination of nanotechnology, membrane technology, electrochemical oxidation and advanced oxidation processes to ensure the complete destruction of PFAS in water.

Designed with practicality in mind, the water treatment system is modular. It can be mounted in standard containers for rapid deployment in disadvantaged communities, providing access to potable water from contaminated sources. The water treatment system can be reconfigured to treat various water sources, including surface water, groundwater and wastewater effluent. This innovation offers water industry operators a viable solution for piloting and subsequently implementing advanced water treatment trains.

Research prowess and plans for the future

As an established NRF C3-rated researcher, Muleja remains a driving force at Unisa. In the past five years, he has co-authored 28 research articles in accredited journals, many of which are in high-impact-factor journals.

He currently supervises 13 master’s and doctoral students, and has already guided three to completion (one PhD and two master’s). Muleja’s commitment to translating research into tangible outcomes is evident in his submission of four intellectual property (IP) disclosures to the Directorate for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (DITTC), all based on proven concepts and prototypes in water treatment, waste management and waste valorisation.

Looking ahead, Muleja says he will continue mentoring emerging researchers and students, explicitly connecting fundamental concepts to applied problem-solving and industry-relevant needs. His future research will maintain a strong focus on societal impact through membrane technologies, addressing critical areas such as clean water access, sustainable energy solutions and environmental remediation.

He aims to strengthen internal collaborations in the university aligned with Unisa’s catalytic niche areas, while fostering international partnerships with leading membrane research centres across the United States of America, France, China, the United Kingdom and the SADC region. His contributions remain essential to Unisa’s human, intellectual and reputational capitals.

* By Dr Nozipho N Madzivha, Communication and Marketing Specialist (acting), College of Science, Engineering and Technology